Climate Change
Climate Change is the defining issue of our time and we are at a defining moment. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. Without drastic action today, adapting to these impacts in the future will be more difficult and costly.
That human activity has caused climate change is not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing. The largest driver has been the emission of greenhouse gases, of which more than 90% is carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane. Fossil fuel burning for energy consumption is the main source of these emissions, with additional contributions from agriculture, deforestation, and industrial processes. Temperature rise is accelerated or tempered by climate feedbacks, such as loss of sunlight-reflecting snow and ice cover, increased water vapor (a greenhouse gas itself), and changes to land and ocean carbon sinks.
Climate change includes both global warmings driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change, since the mid-20th century the rate of human impact on Earth’s climate system and the global scale of that impact has been unprecedented.
Observed temperature from NASA versus the 1850–1900 average as a pre-industrial baseline. The main driver for increased global temperatures in the industrial era is human activity, with natural forces adding variability. Because land surfaces heat faster than ocean surfaces, deserts are expanding and heat waves and wildfires are more common. Surface temperature rise is greatest in the Arctic, where it has contributed to melting permafrost and the retreat of glaciers and sea ice. Increasing atmospheric energy and rates of evaporation cause more intense storms and weather extremes, which damaged infrastructure and agriculture. Rising temperatures are limiting ocean productivity and harming fish stocks in most parts of the globe. Current and anticipated effects from undernutrition, heat stress, and disease have led the World Health Organization to declare climate change the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. Environmental effects include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change, most immediately in coral reefs, mountains, and the Arctic. Even if efforts to minimize future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries, including rising sea levels, rising ocean temperatures, and ocean acidification from elevated levels of CO2.
Other Related Programs

Glacier Melting/Arctic
Conducting research on glacier surface samples have been focus of climate researchers in the recent years. Century old glacier ice hides very important information regarding impact of human industrial activities on the climate.
View more
Alternative Energy
Alternative energy is an energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel. The motive behind looking for alternative energy is to have a control over CO2 emission.
View more
Energy Security
Energy resources are spread all over planet and division is mostly uneven. It is vital for economic model of any country to survive and sustain that adequate energy resources are made available and supply is maintained.
View more
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy refers to energy that is generated from natural sources with minimal effort. For example energy generated through sun light, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat.
View moreNews Updates
Swedish company planning large offshore wind farm northwest of Saaremaa island
The Swedish company Deep Wind Offshore is planning to establish a wind farm with a total capacity of approximately 6,000 megawatts in the Swedish exclusive economic zone northwest of the Estonian island of Saaremaa. The wind farm would have a maximum of 300...
Russia says US, NATO ‘main threats’ to National Security
ST PETERSBURG (Russia) - The United States' quest to dominate the oceans and NATO's expansion are the biggest threats facing Russia, according to a new Russian naval doctrine signed by President Vladimir Putin on Sunday. The 55-page document said...
Day 100 of war in Ukraine: One-fifth of country’s territory occupied
"The entire temporarily-occupied territory of our state is now a complete disaster zone, for which Russia bears full responsibility," Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy evaluated in an address on the eve of the 100th day of the war. Referring to the announcements...
Baltic PMs welcome decision by Finland, Sweden to apply for NATO membership
Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas together with her Latvian counterpart Krisjanis Karins and Lithuanian colleague Ingrida Simonyte made a joint statement on Wednesday welcoming the historic decision by Finland and Sweden to join NATO....
Ukraine war hampers Baltic security long-term – Council of the Baltic Sea States
Russia's invasion of Ukraine will have a "long-term negative impact" on security around the Baltic Sea, the Council of the Baltic Sea States said Wednesday. "The Russian aggression is entirely incompatible with the cooperative model of international...
Dry and hot summer is forecast in Europe
RIGA - Across Europe, with the exception of areas in the north, the summer of 2022 is expected to be warmer and drier than normal, according to the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. May is expected to be colder than usual in Scandinavia, the Baltic...
US wrap up joint cyber defense operation
Lithuania and the United States have wrapped up a "hunt forward" joint cyber defense operation aimed at boosting interoperability and increasing the resilience of critical networks to cyber threats, the Defense Ministry said on Tuesday. It was Lithuania's first joint...
EU to propose phasing out Russian oil in sanctions wave
BRUSSELS - The European Union will propose a phased out ban on Russian oil imports as part of a fresh round of sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine, sources said on Sunday. The European Commission, which draws up sanctions for the bloc, is currently...